Robert Caldwell, Sr. was of Irish descent.spouse: Marshall, Margaret (~1760 - 1837)
Cnut, or Canute II, called The Great (994?-1035), king of England (1016-35), Denmark (1018-35), and Norway (1028-35).spouse: Normandy, Emma of (>0968 - 1052)Canute, the son of Sweyn I Forkbeard, king of the Danes, conquered England in 1013. When his father died the following year, he was proclaimed king of England by his Danish warriors. However, the witenagemot, an advisory body to the Anglo-Saxon kings, reinstated King Æthelred, and Canute fled. He returned in 1015 and soon subjugated all of England, except London. After Æthelred's death in 1016, the Londoners named his son, Edmund II, king. During an ensuing struggle, the Londoners were defeated at Ashingdon, Essex, in October 1016. The following month Edmund died and Canute emerged the undisputed king. A wise and effective ruler, he reconciled with the English and maintained peace with the Continental powers. To that end he married King Æthelred's widow, Emma of Normandy, supported the church, and in 1027 went to Rome for the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II. For administrative purposes he divided England into the four earldoms of Mercia, Northumberland, Wessex, and East Anglia.
Canute continued to reside in England even after he inherited the crown of Denmark in 1018. He soon began his conflict with Olaf II of Norway, whose realm he claimed. Forcing Olaf into exile in 1028, Canute installed his young son, Sweyn, to govern Norway; after Olaf's fall at Stiklestad in 1030 his rule was unchallenged. Canute's North Sea empire fell apart after his death. Two sons separately ascended the thrones of England and Denmark, while the son of Olaf II succeeded in Norway.
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[]spouse: DeMonstoy, Harriet Marion (1850 - 1905)\ Buried Coopers Plains, NY. {\ ----> CARPENTER Section 10 <----- }
ABRAM CASSELBERRY, was born 9 Dec 1839 and died in 1923; and married Carrie A. Johnson (1841- 1918) about 1870. He was born in Loyalsock Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania; and received a common school education and reared a farmer.spouse: Johnson, Carrie Anna (1852 - 1918)In August 1861 he went to Washington, D.C. and became a teamster for the Union Army. He hauled supplies from the "G" Street wharf to different regiments and batteries in the surrounding areas until March of 1863 when he went back to Pennsylvania to enlist in the Militia.
On 27 June 1864 he enlisted for three months and served for the Pennsylvania State Militia. On 10 Oct 1864 he re-enlisted in the Federal Pennsylvania Light Artillery, and served over one year until he was discharged on 30 June 1865. At the close of his service he engaged in steam boating on the Mississippi River which he followed seven years; at which time he removed to Warren County, Pennsylvania and took over a lumbering operation for Judge Lansing Wetmore. Carrie ran a boarding house in Sheffield, Pennsylvania until the lumber operation expired, at which time the family moved back to Lycoming County and purchased the Turley Farm near Newberry, Pennsylvania. In December 1884 he purchased his farm of 100 acres in old Lycoming Township, and engaged in farming. They spent the remaining years of their life on the farm and are buried in East Wildwood Cemetery at Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Republican Party and a worthy and enterprising citizen.
He married Carrie Anna Johnson (1841-1918), a native of Sweden, and moved to Warren County, Pennsylvania; and they had three children: Loretta Carrie Casselberry, Kathryne Jane "Kittie" Casselberry, and Charles Casselberry.
Abram Casselberry, was stationed at Fort Corcoran on Arlington Heights (now the site of Arlington National Cemetery), and assigned to the 1st Regiment of the Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery C. While serving with this unit, he was assigned to guard President Abraham Lincoln, on a specific occasion. The President was reviewing the troops and stopped to shake hands with several of them. Of Casselberry, he inquired "Son, what might your name be?" He replied, "Abram, sir." Lincoln said, "Too bad you're not Abraham and I Abram." (Indicating he would rather have been a soldier than President.) _________________
ABRAM CASSELBERRY, son of Charles and Elizabeth Casselberry, was born, December 9, 1839, in Localsock township, Lycoming county. He received a common school education, and was reared a farmer. In 1861 he enlisted in the three-months' service, and served until mustered out. In 1863 he re-enlisted in the First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, and served over one year. At the close of his service he engaged in steam boating on the Mississippi river, which he followed seven years. He then located in Warren county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in the lumber business several years. In December, 1884, he purchased his present farm of 100 acres in Old Lycoming township, and has since been engaged in farming. He married Carrie A. Johnson, a native of Sweden who has born him three children: Loretta; Kittie J., and Charles. Mr. Casselberry is a member of the Republican party, and a worthy, enterprising citizen. (Source: Meginness, John F. History of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. Gateway Press, Inc. (Baltimore, MD : 1990), p. 1127)
CHARLES CASSELBERRY, was born 1811 and died in December 1889; and married Elizabeth Foulkrod (1813-1906), daughter of Phillip Foulkrod of Muncy Township. He was born in Catawissa, Pennsylvania and settled in Loyalsock Township. Elizabeth was from a family of fourteen children. (The Foulkrod family website is located at: http://members.easyspace.com/banner/main.ad)spouse: Foulkerod, Elizabeth (1813 - 1906)It is believed that the family settled in Lycoming County; possibly in the Muncy Hill section of the county. Charles was an adherent to the Republican Party and a member of the Methodist Church. Charles died at the home of his son, Abram. Elizabeth survived Charles and resided with her To this couple were born five sons and four daughters. It is believed three of the sons saw service in the Civil War and all returned home; Abram was in the Battle of Gettysburg. __________________
CHARLES CASSELBERRY OBITUARY Charles Casselberry was the fourth son of Isaiah Casselberry, a Quaker who was born at Catawissa, Pennsylvania, and who came with his father, Jacob Casselberry, to Lycoming county, at an early date and settled in the Muncy Hills. Isaiah Casselberry married Hannah Breach, who bore him six sons and five daughters. Charles was born at Catawissa in 1811, and settled in Loyalsock township. He died in December, 1889, at the home of his son Abram. He married Elizabeth Foulkcrodd, daughter of Philip Foulkcrodd, of Muncy township. She survives her husband, and resides with her son Abram. To Charles and Elizabeth Casselberry were born the following children: Barbara, widow of William Stryker; Hannah, widow of Jeremiah Reinhard; Sarah, wife of Peter Bastian; Kate, deceased wife of Benjamin Chapman; Elias; Abram; Thomas; John, and George. Mr. Casselberry was an adherent of the Republican party, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. (Source: Meginness, John F. History of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. Gateway Press, Inc. (Baltimore, MD : 1990), p. 1127)
Charles Casselberry was secretary to the general manager of Grit Newspaper. Had no issue.spouse: Kenney, Margaret (1885 - 1976)
Isiah Casselberry was a Quaker and removed to Lycoming County, PA with his father, Jacob, at an early age. He, and his wife Hannah, are buried in Hall Cemetery in Muncy, Pennsylvania. There is a Jacob Casselberry also buried there, but the stone is not readable. Isiah and Hannah had six sons and five daughters of which only four of the children have been positively identified. (Source: Martha (Bennett) Howard, November 1997)spouse: Breech, Hannah (1790 - 1880)
Went to New York City to seek her fortune, fate unknown.
Loretta Carrie Casselberry was born 29 Sep 1873 at Sheffield, Warren Co., PA. She died 13 Aug 1962 at Baltimore, Baltimore Co., MD.spouse: Bennett, George Washington (1870 - 1949)
Woody Caton, at one time, was Sherriff of Elkhart Country, Indiana. (Source: Mary Patricia 'Pat' Mote, May, 1998)
Lived in Elerya, Ohio in 1913.spouse: Winton, Kittie (1870 - >1913)
Charlemagne, in Latin Carolus Magnus (Charles the Great) (742-814), king of the Franks (768-814) and Emperor of the Romans (800-14), who led his Frankish armies to victory over numerous other peoples and established his rule in most of western and central Europe. He was the best-known and most influential king in Europe in the Middle Ages.spouse: Vinzgau, Empress Hildegard of (0758 - 0783)Early Years Charlemagne was born probably in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), on April 2, 742, the son of the Frankish king Pepin the Short and the grandson of Charles Martel. In 751 Pepin dethroned the last Merovingian king and assumed the royal title himself. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II in 754. Besides anointing Pepin, Pope Stephen anointed both Charlemagne and his younger brother Carloman.
Within the year Pepin invaded Italy to protect the pope against the Lombards, and in 756 he again had to rush to the pope's aid. From 760 on, Pepin's main military efforts went into the conquest of Aquitaine, the lands south of the Loire River. Charlemagne accompanied his father on most of these expeditions.
Campaigns When Pepin died in 768, the rule of his realms was to be shared between his two sons. Charlemagne sought an alliance with the Lombards by marrying (770) the daughter of their king, Desiderius (reigned 757-774). In 771 Carloman died suddenly. Charlemagne then seized his territories, but Carloman's heirs took refuge at the court of Desiderius. By that time Charlemagne had repudiated his wife, and Desiderius was no longer friendly. In 772, when Pope Adrian I appealed to Charlemagne for help against Desiderius, the Frankish king invaded Italy, deposed his erstwhile father-in-law (774), and himself assumed the royal title. He then journeyed to Rome and reaffirmed his father's promise to protect papal lands. As early as 772 Charlemagne had fought onslaughts of the heathen Saxons on his lands. Buoyed by his Italian success, he now (775) embarked on a campaign to conquer and Christianize them. That campaign had some initial success but was to drag on for 30 years, in which time he conducted many other campaigns as well. He fought in Spain in 778; on the return trip his rear guard, led by Roland, was ambushed, a story immortalized in The Song of Roland. In 788 he subjected the Bavarians to his rule, and between 791 and 796 Charlemagne's armies conquered the empire of the Avars (corresponding roughly to modern Hungary and Austria).
Coronation Having thus established Frankish rule over so many other peoples, Charlemagne had in fact built an empire and become an emperor. It remained only for him to add the title. On Christmas Day, in 800, Charlemagne knelt to pray in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope Leo III then placed a crown upon his head, and the people assembled in the church acclaimed him the great, pacific emperor of the Romans.
Charlemagne's biographer, Einhard, reported that the king was surprised by this coronation and that had he known it was going to happen, he would not have gone into the church that day. This report has led to much speculation by historians. Charlemagne probably desired and expected to get the imperial title and he subsequently used it. In 813 he designated his sole surviving son, Louis, as his successor, and personally crowned him.
Administration Charlemagne established a more permanent royal capital than had any of his predecessors. His favorite residence from 794 on was at Aix-la-Chapelle. He had a church and a palace constructed there, based in part on architectural borrowings from Ravenna and Rome. At his court he gathered scholars from all over Europe, the most famous being the English cleric Alcuin of York, whom he placed in charge of the palace school.
Administration of the empire was entrusted to some 250 royal administrators called counts. Charlemagne issued hundreds of decrees, called capitularies, dealing with a broad range of topics from judicial and military matters to monasteries, education, and the management of royal estates.
The empire did not expand after 800; indeed, already in the 790s the seacoasts and river valleys experienced the first, dreaded visits of the Vikings. Charlemagne ordered a special watch against them in every harbor, but with little effect. He died before their full, destructive force was unleashed on the empire.
Evaluation Charlemagne is important not only for the number of his victories and the size of his empire, but for the special blend of tradition and innovation that he represented. On the one hand, he was a traditional Germanic warrior, who spent most of his adult life fighting. In the Saxon campaigns he imposed baptism by the sword, and he retaliated against rebels with merciless slaughter. On the other hand, he placed his immense power and prestige at the service of Christian doctrine, the monastic life, the teaching of Latin, the copying of books, and the rule of law. His life, held up as a model to most later kings, thus embodied the fusion of Germanic, Roman, and Christian cultures that became the basis of European civilization.
Contributed by: Lester K. Little Funk + Wagnall's Encyclopedia
German was the language spoken in his family. He had little formal education and was fond of swimming and hunting. When grown, he stood 8 feet tall "after the measure of his own feet which were very long." He had fair complexion, ruddy face, auburn hair, fine open countenance, large sparkling eyes, high forehead, and a foot in width; an appearance that inspired love and respect. His loins were broad and his waist well proportioned, a giant in strength as well as in stature. He wore the Frank's style of clothing, a linen tunic, scarlet breeches, leather bands around his legs, vest made of otter skins, and a white or blue cape.
Charles had 19 children by 9 wives. He died 28 Jan 814 of pleurisy.
WFT, Volume 12, Pedigree #227
Charles I (of England) (1600-1649), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649), who was deposed and executed during the English Revolution.spouse: France, Henrietta Maria of (1609 - 1669)Charles was born in Dunfermline, Scotland. The second son of James I, Charles became heir apparent when his elder brother, Henry, died, and was made prince of Wales in 1616. In 1623, during the Thirty Years' War, Charles visited Spain to negotiate his proposed marriage with the daughter of the Spanish king. The proposal had been made in order to effect an alliance between Spain and England. When it became apparent, however, that the Spanish had no intention of concluding such an alliance, negotiations were begun for his marriage to the French princess Henrietta Maria, and England formed an alliance with France against Spain. In 1625 Charles succeeded to the throne and married Henrietta Maria, but his marriage aroused the ill will of his Protestant subjects because she was Roman Catholic.
Charles believed in the divine right of kings and in the authority of the Church of England. These beliefs soon brought him into conflict with Parliament and ultimately led to civil war. He came under the influence of his close friend George Villiers, 1st duke of Buckingham, whom he appointed his chief minister in defiance of public opinion and whose war schemes in Spain and France ended ignominiously. Charles convoked and dissolved three Parliaments in four years because they refused to comply with his arbitrary measures including the demand that his subjects pay for military expenditures and imprisoning those who did not pay. When the third Parliament met in 1628, it presented the Petition of Right, a statement demanding that Charles make certain reforms in exchange for war funds. Charles was forced to accept the petition. However, in 1629, Charles dismissed Parliament and had several parliamentary leaders imprisoned. Charles governed without a Parliament for the next 11 years. During this time forced loans, poundage, tonnage, ship money, and other extraordinary financial measures were sanctioned to meet governmental expenses.
In 1637 Charles's attempt to impose the Anglican liturgy in Scotland led to rioting by Presbyterian Scots. Charles was unable to quell the revolt, and in 1640 he convoked the so-called Short Parliament to raise an army and necessary funds. This body, which sat for one month (April-May), refused his demands, drew up a statement of public grievances, and insisted on peace with Scotland. Obtaining money by irregular means, Charles advanced against the Scots, who crossed the border, routed his army at Newburn, and soon afterward occupied Newcastle and Durham.
His money exhausted, the king was compelled to call his fifth Parliament, the Long Parliament, in 1640. Led by John Pym, it proceeded against the two chief royal advisers, the archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, and Sir Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of Strafford. Parliament secured the imprisonment and subsequent executions of both men. In 1641 Charles agreed to bills abolishing the prerogative courts, prohibiting arbitrary taxation, and ensuring that this Parliament would not be dissolved without its own permission. The king also agreed to more religious liberties for the Scots. Soon after, Charles was implicated in a plot to murder the leaders of the Covenanters, a Scottish group devoted to maintaining Presbyterianism. When Charles visited Scotland in August 1641, he promised Archibald Campbell, 8th earl of Argyll, a Covenanter leader, that he would submit to the demands of the Scottish Parliament.
While still in Scotland, the king received word of a rebellion in Ireland in which thousands of English colonists were massacred. When he returned to London in November, he tried to have Parliament raise an army, under his control, to put down the Irish revolt. Parliament, fearing that the army would be used against itself, refused, and issued the Grand Remonstrance, a list of reform demands, including the right of Parliament to approve the king's ministers. Charles appeared in the House of Commons with an armed force and tried to arrest Pym and four members. The country was aroused, and the king fled with his family from London.
Both sides then raised armies. The supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads, and those of the king, Cavaliers. The first civil war of the English Revolution, now inevitable, began at Edgehill on October 23, 1642. The Cavaliers were initially successful, but after a series of reverses Charles gave himself up to the Scottish army on May 5, 1646. Having refused to accept Presbyterianism, he was delivered in June 1647 to the English Parliament. Later he escaped to the Isle of Wight but was imprisoned there. By this time a serious division had occurred between Parliament and its army. The army's leader, Oliver Cromwell and his supporters, the Independents, compelled Parliament to pass an act of treason against further negotiation with the king.
Eventually, the moderate Parliamentarians were forcibly ejected by the Independents, and the remaining legislators, who formed the so-called Rump Parliament, appointed a court to try the king. On January 20, 1649, the trial began in Westminster Hall. Charles denied the legality of the court and refused to plead. On January 27 he was sentenced to death as a tyrant, murderer, and enemy of the nation. Scotland protested, the royal family entreated, and France and the Netherlands interceded, in vain. Charles was beheaded at Whitehall, London. Subsequently Oliver Cromwell became chairman of the council of state, a parliamentary agency that governed England as a republic until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
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Charles II (of England) (1630-85), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-85), whose reign marked a period of relative stability after the upheaval of the English Revolution.spouse: Braganza, Catherine of (1638 - 1705)Charles was born in London on May 29, 1630. He was the second, but eldest surviving, son of King Charles I and was prince of Wales from birth. He took his seat in the House of Lords in 1641 and held a nominal military command in the early campaigns of the first civil war of the English Revolution. He later fled from England and went into exile at The Hague, the Netherlands, from where he made two attempts to save his father. On the execution of Charles I in 1649, Charles II assumed the title of king and was so proclaimed in Scotland and sections of Ireland, and in England, then ruled by Oliver Cromwell. After an acknowledgment of the faults of his father, Charles accepted the Scottish crown on January 1, 1651, at Scone from the Scottish noble Archibald Campbell, 8th earl of Argyll. He invaded England the following August with 10,000 men and was proclaimed king at Carlisle and other places along his route. His army, however, was routed by Cromwell at Worcester on September 3, 1651. After this battle Charles fled to France.
He spent eight years in poverty and dissipation while in exile on the Continent. In 1658, following the death of Cromwell and the succession of his son, Richard, as Lord Protector, the demand for the restoration of royalty increased. In February 1660, General George Monck led an army into London and forced the Rump Parliament to dissolve. In April, in the Declaration of Breda, Charles announced his intention to accept a parliamentary government and to grant amnesty to his political opponents. A new Parliament requested Charles to return and proclaimed him king on May 8, 1660. He landed at Dover on May 26 and was welcomed at Whitehall by Parliament three days later.
Charles was crowned on April 23, 1661. Noted for subservience and insistence on royal prerogative, his first Parliament was overwhelmingly Royalist and gave him free rein. Edward Hyde, 1st earl of Clarendon, his companion in exile, was appointed chief minister. Clarendon restored the supremacy of the Church of England, and English and Scottish Nonconformists and Presbyterians were persecuted contrary to the Declaration of Breda. Extravagant and always in want of money, Charles assented to the abolition of the feudal rights of knight service, wardship, and purveyance in consideration of a large annuity that, however, was never fully paid. On May 20, 1662, he married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza for her large dowry. The failure of Parliament to produce the amount agreed on and the chronic mismanagement of the English finances brought the king to a desperate need of money. In return for subsidies from Louis XIV of France, Charles formed a secret alliance with that country; in 1672 that alliance plunged England into a war with the Netherlands.
The war was popular. Commercial and colonial rivalry had already brought about two wars between the two countries, the last one occurring between 1665 and 1667. The Dutch War of 1672 resulted in the English acquisition of the Dutch colony of New Netherland (now New York). Knowledge of his negotiations with France, together with his efforts to become an absolute ruler, brought Charles into conflict with Parliament, which, buoyed by French subsidies, he dissolved in 1681. The struggle was heightened by enactment of the anti-Catholic Test Acts and by the so-called popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates. From 1681 until his death on February 6, 1685, Charles ruled without Parliament. Although a member of the Anglican church, Charles received the last rites of the Roman Catholic church. He was succeeded by his brother James II.
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Charles II (Holy Roman Empire), called The Bald (823-877), Holy Roman emperor (875-877), and, as Charles I, king of France, born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was the fourth son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I; his mother, Louis's second wife, was Judith of Bavaria. Judith's determination to secure a kingdom for her only son led to civil war with Louis's other two surviving sons, Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I and King Louis II of Germany. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Verdun in 843. Charles received the western portion of the empire, which from this time may be called the kingdom of France, or the West Frankish Kingdom. Charles was a weak ruler; the great nobles were rapidly becoming independent, and the Vikings pillaged the country without meeting much resistance from Charles, who preferred to buy them off. Nevertheless, when Holy Roman Emperor Louis II died in 875, Charles received the imperial crown through the favor of Pope John VIII. Charles was succeeded as king of France by his son, Louis II, but the imperial throne was vacant until 881.spouse: Walde), Ermentrude (Richildis (~0825 - 0869)Funk + Wagnall's Encyclopedia
Charles IV (Holy Roman Empire), called Charles of Luxemburg (1316-78), king of Bohemia and of the Germans, Holy Roman emperor (1347-78; crowned 1355). His reign was marked by his issuance of the Golden Bull, a document establishing the method of imperial election.spouse:
Charles VI (of France) (1368-1422), king of France (1380-1422). He was the son of King Charles V. After his father's death in 1380, he was under the guardianship of a ducal council until 1388, when he rejected its regency and began to reign in his own right. Charles ruled well until 1392, when he became insane. In the ensuing contest for control of the kingdom, France suffered grievously from civil wars between the Armagnacs (house of Orléans) and the Burgundians. The English took advantage of the internal strife to invade France. They won the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, conquered Normandy in 1417, captured Rouen in 1419 and Paris in 1420, and imposed on Charles the Treaty of Troyes (1420). Under this treaty Charles was compelled to marry his daughter to Henry V and to confer on Henry or his heir the right of succession to the French throne.spouse:
Charles VII (Charles the Well Served), 1403-1461, king of France (1422-1461), son and successor of Charles VI. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years War. Although excluded from the throne by the Treaty of Troyes, Charles took the royal title after his father's death (1422) and ruled South of the Loire, while John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, who was regent for King Henry VI of England, controlled the north and Guienne (Aquitaine). Vacillating and easily influenced by corrupt favorites, particularly Georges de La Trémoille, Charles waged only perfunctory warfare against the English. He was prodded into action by the siege of Orléans (1429) in which Joan of Arc (1412?-31) helped save the city from the English. After the capture of Orléans, Charles was crowned (1429) at Reims. He reverted to his earlier inactivity until 1433, when La Trémoille was replaced by more scrupulous and energetic advisers, such as the comte de Richemont (later Arthur III, duke of Brittany) and the comte de Dunois. In 1435, Charles agreed to the Treaty of Arras, which reconciled him with the powerful duke, Philip the Good of Burgundy, who had been an ally of the English. He recovered Paris the following year. In 1440, Charles suppressed the Praguerie, and in 1444 a truce was signed with England, which lasted until 1449. By the battle of Formigny and the capture of Cherbourg (1450) the English were expelled from Normandy, and the battle of Castillon (1453) resulted in their withdrawal from Guienne. Charles, although dominated by his mistress, Agnès Sorel, proved an able administrator. He reorganized the army and remodeled French finances, established heavy taxation, particularly through the taille, a direct land tax. In 1438, Charles issued the pragmatic sanction of Bourges, which established the liberty of the French Roman Catholic Church from Rome. In his reign commerce was expanded by the enterprise of Jacques Coeur. The end of Charles's rule was disturbed by the intrigues of the dauphin, who succeeded him as Louis XI. (Source: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Fifth Edition Copyright ©1993, Columbia University Press)